Research on fluid domain characteristics in silicon carbide grinding with central water supply grinding disk

In response to the problem of uneven distribution of fluid domain in the grinding process of silicon carbide (SiC), which leads to poor surface quality and low efficiency, this paper systematically studied the influence of groove quantity (3, 4, 6), groove geometry (straight, arc, spiral), and four types of abrasive grain arrangement on the distribution characteristics of fluid domain in the central water supply grinding disk through numerical simulation methods. The research results demonstrate that (a) the six-groove design can significantly suppress the flow velocity difference caused by the rotational inertia force, minimize the change in fluid level, and achieve the most reasonable flow velocity and vortex distribution; (b) arc grooves exhibit the best performance in radial flow velocity variation and fluid level variation; and (c) an ordered abrasive grain arrangement with a 45°–90° inclination angle can significantly improve fluid domain uniformity. The final optimization plan shows that using a combination of six arc grooves and an ordered abrasive grain arrangement with a 45°–90° inclination angle can maximize the optimization of fluid domain distribution characteristics, ensure consistent abrasive grain edge height, and provide guarantees for silicon carbide grinding processing.