Regional Homogeneity Analysis of DLPFC-Based Real-time fMRI Neurofeedback Training for Negative Emotion Regulation

It is well-known that the regulation and management of emotions depend on cognitive capabilities, and that, conversely, cognitive functions can be influenced by emotional states. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) represents a secure and non-pharmacological form of intervention. This technique has effectively enabled individuals to better regulate their emotions. Aimed to investigate the efficiency of rtfMRI-NF targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for emotion regulation, we employed a framework of rtfMRI-NF experiments for emotion regulation, using negative emotional stimuli, intermittent feedback while simultaneously utilizing a positive autobiographical memory approach. Twenty-seven healthy subjects participated in two neurofeedback sessions. This study is centered on the application of rtfMRI-NF training. Using this technique, it investigates the changes in the Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) values of brain functional images in the left DLPFC before and after training. Our study aims to uncover the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation and cognitive control processes in the brain. Moreover, it provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for developing new neurofeedback training strategies and expanding clinical psychological interventions.