Compressed Biogas Plant: Overview and its Application

This paper presents a comprehensive review of compressed biogas (CBG) technology, focusing on its production processes, plant components, and applications as an alternative automotive fuel. CBG is produced through anaerobic decomposition of organic waste materials including agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, and industrial organic waste. The study examines two primary digestion methods: wet digestion (≤10% dry matter) and dry digestion (≥10% dry matter), comparing their operational characteristics and efficiency parameters. Key findings indicate that CBG can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90% compared to conventional diesel fuel when used in natural gas vehicles. The paper analyses major plant components including feedstock conditioning systems, anaerobic digesters, biogas treatment units, and compression systems. Government initiatives, particularly India’s SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) scheme, are driving CBG adoption with targets of establishing 5,000 CBG plants by 2025. However, technological limitations including temperature dependency, purification challenges, and high capital costs remain significant barriers. This review synthesizes current literature to identify research gaps and future development opportunities in CBG technology for sustainable transportation fuel applications.