Multidimensional Study on Vascular Access and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: From Pathological Mechanisms to Intervention Strategies

本综述系统分析血液透析患者血管通路相关研究的最新进展，重点关注通路建立对患者生活质量的多维影响。通过整合流行病学数据、病理机制研究、诊断技术和治疗策略，揭示不同血管通路类型(AVF/AVG/CVC)对患者生理功能、心理健康和社会适应的影响差异。特别探讨了新型评估工具(如HARQ量表)的应用价值，以及认知行为疗法、放松训练等心理干预的临床效果。研究同时指出当前存在的医疗资源区域差异和技术推广障碍，提出通过远程监测、多学科协作等创新模式优化患者管理的具体路径。本文为提升血液透析患者生存质量提供了循证依据和转化方向。This review systematically examines recent advances in vascular access research for hemodialysis patients, with a focus on the multidimensional impacts on quality of life. By synthesizing epidemiological data, pathological mechanisms, diagnostic technologies and therapeutic strategies, we elucidate the differential effects of various access types (AVF/AVG/CVC) on patients’ physical function, mental health and social adaptation. Special emphasis is placed on novel assessment tools (e.g., HARQ scale) and the efficacy of psychological interventions like CBT. The study highlights existing disparities in healthcare resources and technological dissemination, proposing innovative solutions including remote monitoring and multidisciplinary collaboration. This work provides evidence-based insights for optimizing quality of life in hemodialysis patients.