Forging Ties: The Evolution of Mongolia-Japan Trade Relations

Abstract The centuries-long relationship between Mongolia and Japan is characterized by the cross-border movement of goods and services, ideas, and cultural influences. Despite their geographical distance, the two nations have maintained vibrant relations that have changed over time. From ancient trade routes to modern economic cooperation, the historical trade relations between Mongolia and Japan have left an indelible mark on both countries. The trade relationship between Japan and Mongolia has traversed various significant periods: the era of martial engagements in the Middle Ages; the resurgence of both nations on the global stage; cooperation amidst divergent socialist and capitalist systems; and the transition towards modern, mutually advantageous collaboration. By analyzing the historical trade relationships between Mongolia and Japan and the existing Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the two countries, this study aims to project how their trade and economic relations will develop in the future.