Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Erosion in Qiqihar City Based on the RUSLE Model

为评估齐齐哈尔市近30年土壤侵蚀状况并明确其主导驱动因子，本文基于Google Earth Engine平台，融合多源遥感与地理数据，构建RUSLE模型，对1990~2020年间的土壤侵蚀模数进行定量估算，并引入地理探测器分析其影响机制。结果表明：土壤侵蚀以微度和轻度为主，空间上呈“中部低、两侧高”格局；坡度为主控因子，高坡地侵蚀显著增强。耕地因人为扰动普遍存在轻中度侵蚀，林地在局部退化区亦有高强度侵蚀。坡度与降雨、土地利用间存在显著交互作用。建议未来加强坡耕地治理与水土保持工程，提升土壤资源可持续利用水平。To assess soil erosion in Qiqihar City over the past 30 years and identify its key driving factors, this study utilized the Google Earth Engine platform to integrate multi-source remote sensing and geographic data. The RUSLE model was applied to quantify soil erosion modulus for the period 1990~2020, and the GeoDetector model was introduced to analyze influencing mechanisms. Results show that soil erosion was mainly slight and mild, with a spatial pattern of “low in the center and high on both sides.” Slope was the dominant factor, with significantly intensified erosion in steep areas. Due to frequent human disturbance, cultivated land exhibited widespread mild to moderate erosion, while forested areas also experienced severe erosion in some degraded and steep regions. Significant interaction effects were observed between slope, rainfall, and land use. It is recommended to strengthen slope farmland management and soil conservation practices to promote sustainable use of soil resources.