ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) Model as Extrinsic Motivation in Arabic Language Learning: Teachers' Perspectives and Experiences

This study aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of 32 Arabic language teachers in West Sumatra in providing extrinsic motivation through the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) model and its effectiveness, as well as the obstacles they face in the practice. This study is motivated by the view that intrinsic motivation alone is not sufficient; students also need extrinsic motivation as a reinforcement and driver in the Arabic language learning process. Using a phenomenological approach, data were collected through observation and online interviews, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that: (1) the majority of teachers perceive the importance of extrinsic motivation and apply it through various strategies that can be categorized in the ARCS model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), and also by Piaget's developmental theory of teaching Arabic language materials from easy to difficult; (2) The main obstacles in implementing extrinsic motivation in the form of the ARCS model include internal factors such as low interest and negative perceptions of students towards Arabic, as well as external factors such as limited support from schools and families; (3) the majority of teachers consider extrinsic motivation in the form of the ARCS model to be effective in increasing enthusiasm, creativity, long-term interest, as well as students' learning abilities and achievements. However, its effectiveness is still assumptive and contextual because it has not been tested quantitatively. This study provides practical implications for Arabic language teachers in designing learning strategies that integrate extrinsic motivation effectively, especially through the application of techniques in the ARCS model, thoroughly and contextually.