Research on the Correlations between Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein A1, NHR, LMR and the Degree of Coronary Artery Calcification Based on IVUS

本综述探讨了载脂蛋白B (ApoB)、载脂蛋白A1 (ApoA1)、中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值(NHR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)与冠状动脉钙化斑块程度之间的关联。冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是全球主要的健康威胁，评估其严重性及钙化程度对疾病管理至关重要。传统的冠脉钙化评估方法存在一定的挑战，血管内超声(IVUS)技术作为一种先进的成像技术，具有提供更详细的冠脉钙化信息的优势。在心血管健康中，ApoB与ApoA1的比值作为一种生物标志物，显示出与冠脉疾病的密切关系，ApoB主要涉及脂质的转运和动脉粥样硬化的发生，而ApoA1则保护冠状动脉健康。新兴生物标志物如NHR和LMR也表现出用于炎症和免疫反应指示的潜力，其中NHR可反映炎症活动，而LMR则提供免疫功能的洞察。结合IVUS技术分析这些生物标志物数据，能够提供冠脉钙化与生物标志物之间的详细关系洞察，有助于优化冠心病的临床决策。对载脂蛋白和NHR、LMR进行综合分析显示，它们在冠脉钙化的临床评估中具有重要价值，并能显著影响临床决策。目前证实钙化与脂质沉积及炎症相关，因此基于IVUS，本文研究不同钙化指数组间载脂蛋B (apoprotein B, ApoB)、载脂蛋白A1 (apoprotein A1, ApoA1)及NHR、LMR与冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcification, CAC)程度的相关性，为CAC及其钙化程度的诊断、评估提供参考依据。This review explores the associations between apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the ratio of neutrophils to high-density lipoprotein (NHR), and the ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR) and the severity of coronary artery calcification plaques. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global health threat, and assessing its severity and calcification degree is crucial for disease management. Traditional methods for assessing coronary artery calcification have certain challenges. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) technology, as an advanced imaging technique, offers the advantage of providing more detailed information on coronary artery calcification. In cardiovascular health, the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 serves as a biomarker and shows a close relationship with coronary artery disease. ApoB mainly involves lipid transport and the occurrence of atherosclerosis, while ApoA1 protects coronary artery health. Emerging biomarkers such as NHR and LMR also show potential for indicating inflammation and immune response, where NHR can reflect inflammatory activity, and LMR provides insights into immune function. Analyzing these biomarker data using IVUS technology can provide detailed insights into the relationship between coronary artery calcification and biomarkers, which is helpful for optimizing clinical decisions in coronary heart disease. A comprehensive analysis of apolipoproteins and NHR, LMR reveals their significant value in the clinical assessment of coronary artery calcification and can significantly influence clinical decisions. It has been confirmed that calcification is related to lipid deposition and inflammation. Therefore, based on IVUS, this study investigates the correlations between apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1, NHR, LMR, and the degree of coronary artery calcification (CAC) among different calcification index groups, providing a reference for the diagnosis and assessment of CAC and its calcification degree.