Study on the Immunoregulatory Mechanism of Burning Mouth Syndrome Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation Theory

目的：灼口综合征(burning mouth syndrome, BMS)在中老年女性患者中发病率高且严重影响患者生活。现代医学认为其发病与免疫相关，然而治疗手段存在局限性。基于中医辨证理论的“辨证论治”，强调不同中医证型对BMS易感性及预后的影响。本文系统综述了基于中医辨证理论的BMS免疫调节机制的研究进展，探讨了BMS在中医理论中的病因病机及临床表现。方法：通过详细分析现代研究成果，我们评估了中药和针灸等传统中医治疗方法在调节免疫系统和减轻BMS症状方面的有效性。结果：研究表明，通过中医辨证施治，能够有效改善患者的免疫状态，降低炎症反应，从而缓解口腔黏膜疼痛和灼烧感。结论：本文总结了不同中医治疗方法在BMS治疗中的优势，并指出当前研究的局限性和未来研究的方向。Objective: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has a high incidence rate among middle-aged and elderly women, severely affecting their quality of life. Modern medicine suggests that its onset is immune-related, but treatment options are limited. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approach of “syndrome differentiation and treatment” emphasizes the impact of different TCM syndromes on the susceptibility and prognosis of BMS. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the immune regulation mechanisms of BMS based on TCM syndrome differentiation theory and discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of BMS from the perspective of TCM theory. Methods: By thoroughly analyzing modern research findings, we evaluate the effectiveness of traditional TCM treatments, such as Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture, in regulating the immune system and alleviating BMS symptoms. Results: Studies show that through TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, the immune status of patients can be significantly improved, inflammatory responses reduced, and the pain and burning sensation of the oral mucosa relieved. Conclusion: This article summarizes the advantages of different TCM treatment methods in the management of BMS and points out the current research limitations and future directions.