Conservation Easement Pilot in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve:Practices and Reflections

在以集体林为主的自然保护区管理中，资源所有权、经营权和管理权的分离导致自然资源统一高效管理面临挑战。为破解这一难题，壶瓶山国家级自然保护区在湖南省率先开展保护地役权试点，探索建立资源统一管理机制。本文从试点工作的基本程序、实施对象与范围、补偿标准及实施成效等方面进行系统总结，并结合实践中的问题提出政策优化建议。该试点为集体林主导型自然保护区实现自然资源统一保护管理提供了可复制的实践案例，对完善自然保护地体系、创新管理体制具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。In the management of nature reserves dominated by collective forests, the separation of resource ownership, operation rights, and management rights poses challenges to the unified and efficient governance of natural resources. To address this issue, Hunan’s Hupingshan National Nature Reserve pioneered a pilot program on conservation easements, exploring mechanisms for integrated resource management. This paper systematically summarizes the pilot’s key procedures, target stakeholders and scope, compensation standards, and implementation outcomes, while proposing policy optimization recommendations based on practical challenges. The initiative provides a replicable model for achieving unified conservation management of natural resources in collective forest-based reserves, offering significant theoretical and practical insights for improving the protected area system and innovating governance frameworks.