The Impact of Comorbidities on Pulmonary Function Measured by Spirometry in Patients After Percutaneous Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation Due to Atrial Fibrillation

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) via cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is a recommended therapeutic strategy for patients with symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who are refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Although PVI has demonstrated efficacy in reducing AF recurrence and improving patients' quality of life, its impact on respiratory function is not well understood, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions. The aim of the study was to search for functional predictors of the respiratory system in the process of evaluating the efficiency of clinical assessment of CBA in patients with AF. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a prospective study on 42 patients with symptomatic AF who underwent CBA, assessing their respiratory function through spirometry before and 30 days after the procedure. Exclusion criteria included pre-existing lung disease and cardiac insufficiency. The impact of variables such as body mass index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) on spirometry parameters was analyzed using statistical tests. <b>Results:</b> No significant changes were observed in overall post-PVI spirometry parameters for the full cohort. However, post hoc analyses revealed a significant decline in ΔMEF₇₅ in patients with CAD and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², whereas ΔFEV₁/FVCex was significantly increased in patients with HF, as well as in patients with ejection fraction (EF) < 50%. <b>Conclusions:</b> CBA for AF does not universally affect respiratory function in the short term, but specific subgroups, including patients with CAD and a higher BMI, may require post-procedure respiratory monitoring. In addition, PVI may improve lung function in patients with HF and reduced EF.