Prediksi penerimaan terapi pencegahan tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah dengan pendekatan health belief model (HBM)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, Indonesia ranks second only to India with an estimated 1,060.000 cases, but only 820,789 cases have been reported, posing a risk of transmission, including the risk of Infectious Latent Tuberculosis (ILTB). The WHO recommends Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) to prevent ILTB, but Indonesia's TPT achievement is still low, only 2.6% by 2023, far from the target of 68%. Purpose: To analyze the prediction of acceptance of tuberculosis preventive therapy in household contacts using the health belief model (HBM) approach. Method: Analytic observational research design with cross-sectional design, involving 308 respondents from nine health centers. The dependent variable was TPT acceptance, while the independent variables included perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. The research instrument used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: The mean age was 38.21 years, mostly female (50.3%), with high school education (23.1%). The results of the chi-square test showed that all variables had a significant association with TPT acceptance (p-value <0.001), with consecutive ORs: vulnerability 7.347 (4.367-12.363), severity 7.796 (4.597-13.222), benefits 7.197 (4.293-12.065), barriers 5.684 (3.427-9.429), and cues to action 6.266 (3.732-10.519). Logistic regression analysis identified perceived benefits of TPT as the dominant factor with an OR of 3.208 (95% CI: 1.762-5.842). Conclusion: There was a significant association between susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action with TPT acceptance, with TPT benefits as the dominant influencing factor. Suggestion: Increase TPT campaigns and education through various media, with an emphasis on strengthening beliefs in benefits and involving active community participation. Keywords: Health Belief Model (HBM); Household Contact; Receipt of Preventive Therapy; Tuberculosis. Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global, Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua setelah India dengan estimasi 1,060.000 kasus, namun baru 820,789 kasus yang terlaporkan, hal ini berisiko menularkan, termasuk risiko Infectious Latent Tuberculosis (ILTB). WHO merekomendasikan Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT) untuk mencegah ILTB, namun capaian TPT di Indonesia masih rendah, hanya 2.6% pada tahun 2023, jauh dari target 68%. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis prediksi penerimaan terapi pencegahan tuberkulosis pada kontak serumah dengan pendekatan health belief model (HBM). Metode: Desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional, melibatkan 308 responden dari sembilan puskesmas. Variabel dependen adalah penerimaan TPT, sedangkan variabel independen meliputi persepsi kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, dan isyarat untuk bertindak. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik Hasil: Rerata usia 38.21 tahun, sebagian besar perempuan (50.3%), berpendidikan SMA (23.1%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan semua variabel memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan penerimaan TPT (p-value < 0.001), dengan OR berturut-turut: kerentanan 7,347 (4.367–12.363), keparahan 7.796 (4.597–13.222), manfaat 7.197 (4.293–12.065), hambatan 5.684 (3.427–9.429), dan isyarat bertindak 6.266 (3.732–10.519). Analisis regresi logistik mengidentifikasi persepsi manfaat TPT sebagai faktor dominan dengan OR 3.208 (95% CI: 1.762–5.842). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kerentanan, keparahan, manfaat, hambatan, dan isyarat untuk bertindak dengan penerimaan TPT. Dengan variable manfaat TPT sebagai faktor dominan yang memengaruhi. Saran: Meningkatkan kampanye dan edukasi TPT melalui berbagai media, dengan penekanan pada penguatan keyakinan manfaat serta melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat secara aktif. Kata Kunci: Health Belief Model (HBM); Kontak Serumah; Penerimaan Terapi Pencegahan; Tuberkulosis.