Correlation of Clinical Inflammatory Biomarkers and Disease Severity in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Case–Control Study in South India

such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and various cytokine profiles have demonstrated potential in elucidating disease mechanisms and predicting treatment responses. 4 This research aims to systematically investigate the role of clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in identifying potential correlations and prognostic indicators as a cheaper and affordable alternative to immunological markers. IntroductIonChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) represents an intricate and challenging dermatological disorder marked by recurrent, transient, and pruritic wheals that persist for >6 weeks without an identifiable external trigger.This condition significantly impacts patients' quality of life, causing substantial physical discomfort and psychological distress.The pathogenesis of CSU is multifaceted, involving intricate immunological mechanisms that remain only partially understood, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive research into its clinical and inflammatory characteristics. 1 The immunopathological landscape of CSU is predominantly governed by autoimmune processes, with emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of multiple immunological pathways. 2These autoimmune phenomena trigger mast cell and basophil activation, leading to excessive histamine release and subsequent inflammatory cascades that manifest as urticarial lesions. 3 Inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools in comprehending CSU's complex pathogenesis.Specific serum clinical inflammatory markers 1,