Individualized fluid optimization and de-escalation in critically ill patients with septic shock

Septic shock fluid therapy is evolving from a one-size-fits-all model toward individualized, phase-based management. By incorporating hemodynamic monitoring, dynamic reassessment, and structured clinical phases, fluid administration can be better tailored to each patient's evolving condition. This review emphasizes the critical role of personalized approaches in each phase of fluid therapy and highlights how fluid stewardship may enhance recovery and reduce complications associated with fluid overload.