Peculiarities of the Population’s Behavior in the savings market

The subject of the study is the process of savings behavior of the population in the savings market in the countries of the world and Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify patterns of savings behavior of the population in the savings market of households belonging to different groups and regions of residence, in order to develop an effective government strategy to encourage the population to save. The macroeconomic role of savings in the economy has been established. It is determined that a sound monetary policy encourages the population to save, and economic stability provides protection from inflation. It is shown that the coronavirus pandemic has pushed household savings in the United States and the EU to grow, and after its end, the American population began to spend more, while the European population began to save money. An increase in the share of the elderly in the total population requires an increase in pension payments and government spending on the maintenance of the elderly, and as a result, the development of a motivational strategy of the state aimed at encouraging citizens to save for old age based on the study of the savings behavior of various groups of households. Russia tends to gradually reduce the size of households to one or two people, and in cities to one person of working age. There has been an increase in the number of single households that are not inclined to save, consisting of both men and women, and in recent years, male–headed households that are more prone to saving behavior than women. Conclusions are drawn about the need to take into account different household groups and their regional heterogeneity in Russia in terms of savings behavior in order to develop government programs to encourage the population to save.