Esophageal hematoma caused by the Valsalva maneuver: A case report

Abstract Typically, esophageal hematomas are caused by trauma or iatrogenic factors. This case is the first to report difficult defecation as a potential cause of an esophageal hematoma, highlighting the role of intra-abdominal pressure changes related to everyday activities. The Valsalva maneuver, such as straining during defecation, can lead to significant yet rare injuries to the esophagus. This report contributes to the understanding of esophageal pathologies and underscores the importance of considering this possibility in the diagnosis of unexplained chest pain, dysphagia, or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, even in the absence of direct trauma or medical procedures.