Optimizing Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Configurations for Campus Office Buildings Considering DC Load Characteristics and Specific DC Load Types

Conventional AC power systems in buildings face challenges integrating decentralized DC sources and loads due to inherent rigidity, which restricts efficient resource use and limits system expansion. To address these challenges, we developed a cost-driven optimization model for retrofitting hybrid AC/DC microgrids in existing buildings, accounting for the unique properties of DC loads. Through a case study of a representative office building on a northern university campus, we established constraints via engineering analysis and identified optimal configurations using CPLEX optimization software. Our findings show that hybrid AC/DC microgrid retrofits designed for specific DC load Characteristics optimize equipment sizing, reduce designphase load capacity planning, and enhance cost efficiency. This approach further enables scalable integration of distributed energy resources and enhances precision in energy system management.