Optimization of Wind Farm Flexibility Enhancement Strategies Considering Market Regulations

As global pressure to combat climate change intensifies, the low-carbon economy has become a key objective worldwide. Wind power, as a leading renewable energy source, has experienced rapid growth and is progressively displacing traditional coal-fired power generation. The maturation of electricity market mechanisms has led to a shift in wind farm revenue assessment, from merely evaluating electricity sales to incorporating a comprehensive analysis of auxiliary services, such as frequency regulation and reactive power compensation. However, the rising demand for operational flexibility in wind farms presents new challenges in both technological advancements and economic evaluation. Existing research predominantly focuses on energy storage system configuration and turbine upgrades, often overlooking the influence of market evaluation mechanisms. This paper proposes an optimization model for wind farms that integrates flexibility enhancement strategies and market regulations. A bi-level optimization framework is employed, wherein the upper level minimizes costs by optimizing wind farm renovation and energy storage configuration, while the lower level maximizes overall revenue through hourly operational simulations. Case study results from a real-world wind farm demonstrate that the proposed model significantly improves both operational flexibility and economic benefits. The findings provide theoretical and technical support for optimizing wind farm operations in diverse market environments.