Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Bridelia tomentosa blume against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

• B. tomentosa fruit showed antidiabetic effects in diabetic rats for the first time . • B. tomentosa’s extract contains benzoic, gallic and salicylic acid, quercetin and rutin. • The extract improved lipid profiles, liver, and kidney function in diabetic rats. • Antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced, reducing oxidative stress. • B. tomentosa shows potential as a natural alternative for diabetes management. Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disease marked by consistently elevated blood glucose levels resulting from inadequate insulin production, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. Despite the availability of antidiabetic drugs, their undesirable effects and restricted availability emphasize the necessity for alternative therapies. Bridelia tomentosa , a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, remains unexplored for its potential as an antidiabetic agent. This study investigates the impact of B. tomentosa (BTF) methanolic fruit extract on STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats. Experimental hyperglycemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering a 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of STZ. The rats were divided into five groups: healthy controls, untreated diabetics, glibenclamide-treated (10 mg/kg), and BTF-treated groups receiving 250 or 500 mg/kg. The effects of BTF extract on fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, renal and liver function, oxidative stress markers, and pancreatic tissue morphology were evaluated. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured. Results indicated that BTF extracts reduce fasting blood glucose, adjust glucose tolerance, and restore body weight in STZ-treated animals. These extracts have also adjusted lipid levels, reduced indicators of hepatic and renal dysfunction, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histological analysis showed protective effects on pancreatic β-cells. In conclusion, B. tomentosa fruit extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and organ-protective effects, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for diabetes treatment. However, further research is necessary to investigate its molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.