Transformation of BaTiO3 electro-optical properties through graphene oxide integration for high-performance photovoltaic applications

Solar cell structure device; FTO/IGZO/BaTiO 3 rGO/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /Ag heterojunction solar cells. The pursuit of efficient and sustainable energy solutions has driven extensive research in photovoltaic technology. While materials with direct band gaps are preferred for efficient light absorption, the potential of indirect band gap materials with a reduction in the band gap from 1.62 eV to 1.28 eV. This study introduces a breakthrough: the integration of BaTiO 3 perovskite with graphene oxide (GO) to effectively transform the indirect band gap of BaTiO 3 into a direct band gap. This innovative approach unlocks a wider range of materials for solar cell applications, addressing a critical limitation in the field. The BaTiO 3 /GO composite exhibits significant advantages, including enhanced light absorption, improved stability, and enhanced electrical conductivity. Notably, the composite demonstrates a sharp and intense conductivity peak in the 350 nm to 800 nm range, highlighting its potential for high-performance solar cells. This groundbreaking research not only expands the material palette for photovoltaic applications but also addresses common challenges faced by traditional perovskite solar cells. The results pave the way for the development of durable, efficient, and cost-effective solar cells, contributing significantly to the transition towards a sustainable energy future.