ADVANCED MR TECHNIQUES IN MRI-NEGATIVE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy worldwide. However, up to 30% of TLE cases have negative/nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Identifying biomarkers for MRI-negative TLE is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers present unique advantages, including higher resolution, detailed visualization, and non-invasiveness. This paper summarizes recent advancements in MR techniques, including structural, functional, and metabolic MRI, for MRI-negative TLE diagnosis, epileptogenic focus localization, and surgical outcome prediction. These techniques provide precise information on tissue characteristics, enhancing understanding of MRI-negative TLE and offering important tools for personalized patient treatment. A key focus of current research is integrating multimodal MR biomarkers to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.