Dynamical analysis and computational research on capillary flow of gallium-based liquid metal

Describing the capillary flow of liquid metals is key to answering many biomedical and industrial questions. In previous research [Jiang et al., APL Mater. 12, 121119 (2024)], we developed a dynamical model based on the momentum theorem to quantitatively evaluate the capillary flow of gallium-based liquid metal. In the dynamical model, the surface tension, the contact angle, the hydrostatic pressure, and the dynamic viscosity are all considered in analyzing the nonlinear flow behavior of liquid metal. This paper continues to explore the two-phase flow modeling for the evaluation of the flow behavior of the eGaIn–HCl fluid pair in the copper capillary tube. The computational model tracks the dynamic changes in the interfacial displacements of the liquid metal column with respect to time in capillary tubes of varying lengths and cross-sectional geometries and the results are validated through the comparison with experimental measurements. [Work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074160) and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China (Grant No. 2024-MS-181)]