The 0D/1D carbon particle/SWCNT uniformly dispersed by the self-assembly effect for a collaborative conductive network in an ultrahigh-power Li/CFx battery

Stable and dispersed conductive agents were used to overcome the low conductivity and poor electrode kinetics of fluorinated carbon in Li/CF x primary battery. Herein, the high-dispersion 3D conductive agents were designed by electrostatic self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, 1D) and Super P (SP, 0D) under the steric effect of surfactant. The arc-discharge-synthesized SWCNTs (∼1.5 nm diameter, I G / I D ≥ 50) and SP form a highly dispersed hybrid (SP/SWCNTs, SPS) via ultrasonication, exhibiting a long-term colloidal stability of more than 7 days in NMP solution. The ultrasonication shear was driven to exfoliate the aggregation of SWCNTs and SP in sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant solution. Compared with conductive agents of SP and ball-mixed SP/SWCNT (SPSM), SPS effectively provides more transport paths for Li + and electrons. It is found that SPS delivers a higher voltage plateau and power density of 144.13 kW/kg at a high discharge rate of 80 C for Li/CF x primary battery, while these batteries using SP and SPSM are difficult to discharge at high rates due to the surface-polarization. The design of high-dispersion 3D conductive agents provides a facile and effective pathway for ultrahigh-power Li/CF x batteries. • Electrostatic self-assembly to build high-dispersion conductive agents. • The colloidal stability of more than 7 days is maintained in NMP solution for SPS. • SPS reduces surface-polarization, improving rate capability for Li/CF x battery.