Benign metastatic leiomyoma: literature review

The review systematises literature data on pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of benign metastasising leiomyoma. Benign metastatic leiomyoma is a rare disease, occurring in women of reproductive period, characterised by the presence of multiple benign indolent smooth-muscle mitotically inactive tumours (metastases) of ectopic localisation with a history of uterine leiomyoma and no other tumour process. It is presented in various forms: peritoneal leiomyomatosis, intravenous leiomyomatosis involvement of parenchymal organs, bones, skeletal muscles. Currently, there are no standards for the treatment of patients with benign metastasising leiomyoma. Treatment depends on localisation of metastases and clinical manifestations of the disease: dynamic observation, hormone therapy or surgical treatment.