Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Prediction Error Algorithm

Digital images have been widely distributed through the internet, making ownership and illegal distribution an important issue. Image watermarking technique is a vital component in protecting ownership of digital image in the multimedia technology nowadays. In this study, an image watermarking system based on a three-level integer wavelet transform (IWT) is proposed, along with a set of embedding rules and prediction error algorithm. The prediction error algorithm can be used to determine the embedding location and strengthen copyright protection. The image is divided into 16×16 non-overlapping pieces, and the computation is done using a three-level IWT decomposition. A prediction error algorithm is used to embed the watermark bits in the 2×2 LL sub-band utilizing a set of embedding algorithms. Compared to the current existing methods, the results improved robustness performance against various attacks. The proposed embedding scheme obtains an average PSNR score of 45.1760 db and an SSIM score of 0.9944.