Exploring the effects of reflexology on gastrointestinal symptoms in Type-2 diabetic patients: A quasi-experimental study

Type 2 diabetes is a growing global health concern, often leading to gastrointestinal complications that impact quality of life. Reflexology, a non-invasive therapy, may help alleviate these symptoms, but its effects remain unexplored in diabetic patients. This study aims to assess its potential as a complementary treatment. This quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group study included 64 patients with type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal symptoms recruited from Imam Reza Clinic of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Participants were allocated into intervention and control groups (n ​= ​32 each). The intervention group received eight reflexology sessions over four weeks. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) at baseline and post-intervention. Data collection occurred between May and August 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests with significance set at p ​< ​0.05. The study found that reflexology significantly improved total gastrointestinal symptoms (p ​= ​0.015), reflux (p ​= ​0.030), and indigestion (p ​= ​0.021) in Type 2 diabetes patients. Both groups showed symptom reduction post-intervention (p ​< ​0.001), but between-group differences were not statistically significant. Reflexology had no significant effect on abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation, suggesting its benefits may be symptom-specific. Reflexology may reduce reflux and indigestion symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients. Adjusted analysis revealed significant effects, suggesting targeted benefits and highlighting the need for further controlled studies.