A Comparative Study of Cultural Evolution in Spanish and French: Linguistic Features of Poetic, Folkloric, and Journalistic Discourses

The article deals with the topical issue of developing Romance languages, such as Spanish and French. The article aims to study the evolutionary processes in Spanish and French at phonetic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic levels. The empirical basis of the study is the texts of poetic, folklore and journalistic discourses. The article describes the common genetic origin of the Spanish and French languages, provides a critical review of the scientific literature on this issue, and compares the phonetic composition of the languages under comparison, the similarity of lexical composition, and grammatical and stylistic features in different discourses. The study is based on the following research methods: critical analysis, synchronic and diachronic analysis, comparative, historical and functional, genetic and contextual. The use of ideologemes as modern lexical innovations is a characteristic feature of Spanish and French texts belonging to different types of discourse. It is noted that the frequency of ideologemes in media texts is high due to the peculiarities of the Spaniards' and French national character. Compared to Spanish journalism, French journalism is dominated by a protocol style of presentation and much less subjective assessments. The main characteristics of French journalistic discourse are the tendency to express and standardize simultaneously, the religious orientation of the issues, and the use of precedent-setting phenomena. The folklore and poetic discourses of the languages under comparison are distinguished by national and cultural specificity, as they represent vocabulary with ethnically marked connotations describing the national character of the speakers.