Burnout and Burden among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults in Nigeria: Implications for Public Health and Social Support

Nigeria is undergoing a demographic transition marked by a rapidly aging population, yet the country lacks the formal infrastructure needed to support the complex needs of older adults. In this context, informal caregivers—primarily family members, especially women—have become the foundation of eldercare. Although their contributions are indispensable, these caregivers remain largely invisible in public discourse and unsupported by health or social systems. This conceptual paper draws on theoretical models (e.g., the Stress Process Model and Role Theory) and a synthesis of empirical literature to explore the multidimensional burden experienced by informal caregivers in Nigeria, including physical strain, emotional exhaustion, economic hardship, and social isolation. The paper discusses how cultural expectations, gender norms, and systemic gaps in healthcare and social protection intensify caregiver burnout. It argues that unaddressed caregiver stress poses significant public health risks and undermines the sustainability of eldercare. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations, calling for national caregiver support frameworks, respite care, mental health services, training, and financial assistance. Recognizing and integrating informal caregivers into Nigeria’s health and social planning is essential to building an equitable, resilient eldercare system.