Design and Analysis on High-Gain Wideband Array Antenna for 5G and Radar Applications

In this paper, the design and evaluation of a 2x2 antenna array operating within the sub-6 GHz spectrum, specifically optimized for 5G communication and radar applications, is presented. The array is designed on Rogers RT/Duroid substrate (ε<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> = 2.2, ε<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> = 1) to improve gain, directivity, and impedance matching across specific sub-bands. The antenna array demonstrates S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> values below -10 dB at 3.6187 GHz and 5.9688 GHz, ensuring effective impedance matching within these targeted frequency points. The 2x2 antenna array exhibits excellent performance with a peak gain of 6.27 dB, showing its high efficiency in radiating signals with minimal energy loss. The directivity of 6.49 dB highlights its ability to focus radiated power in the desired direction, making it ideal for directional communication applications. Additionally, the antenna exhibits a radiation efficiency of 94.97%, demonstrating its capability to convert input power into radiated energy with minimal loss. These results validate the antenna array’s suitability for wideband applications like 5G wireless communication and radar systems, where high efficiency, focused radiation, and consistent signal transmission are essential.