Mechanism of Strength–Toughness Balance in 2Cr13MoV Martensitic Stainless Steel under Short‐Time Heat Treatment

This study systematically investigates the effects of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2Cr13MoV martensitic stainless steel. By analyzing the influence of heat treatment temperature on the kinetics of martensitic phase transformation, the synergistic effect of multiscale strengthening–toughening mechanisms are revealed, providing a theoretical foundation and technical pathway for the development of high‐performance martensitic stainless steel. Experimental results show that a short‐time heat treatment process of 990 °C quenching and 250 °C tempering successfully achieves the formation of fine lath martensite (LM) and optimized carbide precipitation. Among them, the coprecipitation strengthening effect of spherical M 23 C 6 and plate‐like M 3 C carbides significantly enhances the yield strength of the material; at the same time, the autocatalytic effect at the carbide/matrix interface promotes the formation of fine LM. The specimens treated by this process exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of 1601 MPa and an impact toughness of 64.2 J cm −2 , achieving a good balance between high strength and good toughness.