A Reconfigurable Multi-Level AC-DC/DC-DC Ocean Energy Harvester IC Achieving 77.7% End-to-End Power Efficiency for Triboelectric Nanogenerators

The proposed integrated ocean energy harvester IC combines a multi-level bias-flip (BF) topology for improved BF efficiency with a high-voltage multi-level full-bridge active rectifier, providing reconfigurability between AC-DC rectification and DC-DC conversion with a single inductor while reducing power stage losses. The proposed reconfigurable multi-level (RML) AC-DC/DC-DC energy harvester IC achieves a peak end-to-end (E2E) power efficiency of 77.7%, a wide <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$P_{\text {EXT }}(\sim 2 ~\text{mW})$</tex>, and an outstanding FoM of 6.63x while supporting input frequency (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{\text {TENG }}$</tex>) range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1-50 ~\text{Hz}$</tex>.