Boosting Breast Milk Utilization in the NICU: A Lactation Support Initiative

Background:Breast milk is the gold standard for neonatal nutrition, especially for vulnerable infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). It significantly reduces the risk of infections, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and other complications. However, multiple barriers such as maternal stress, lack of lactation support, and limited staff training contribute to low utilization rates in clinical settings. Objective:This quality improvement initiative aimed to increase the percentage of NICU infants receiving maternal breast milk at Wadi Al–Dawaser General Hospital from a baseline of 38% to at least 75% over a three-month period by implementing a structured lactation support program. Methods:A multidisciplinary intervention was launched between January and March 2025. Key components included staff training on lactation support protocols, enhancement of maternal education, provision of hospital-grade breast pumps, creation of private lactation spaces, and emotional support through peer counseling. Data were collected monthly and analyzed to assess breast milk utilization, staff compliance, and maternal satisfaction. Results:Significant improvements were recorded post-implementation. Breast milk utilization increased from 38% in November 2024 to 81% by April 2025, exceeding the initial target. Additionally, lactation consultant interactions per mother rose from 1.2 to 2.3 sessions, and 92% of mothers received structured breastfeeding education within 30 days of NICU admission. Staff training completion reached 100%, and maternal satisfaction with lactation services exceeded 90%. Conclusion:The structured lactation support initiative successfully enhanced maternal engagement and NICU staff performance, leading to a substantial increase in breast milk utilization. This model highlights the importance of integrated education, emotional support, and environmental modifications in promoting breastfeeding in critical care settings. Sustained outcomes will require continued investment in staff development, infrastructure, and family-centered care strategies.