A Globally Optimized 3-D MPPT System for Dual-Band RF Energy Harvesting with Collaborative Source Reconfiguration

This paper presents a globally optimized RF energy harvesting system leveraging the novel concepts of 3-D maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and collaborative source reconfiguration, achieving high MPPT accuracy and wide input power range. The 3-D MPPT is realized by coordinating energy source, optimizing the rectifier output and regulating the rectifier stages. By integrating a multi-level regulating DC-DC converter with a reconfigurable rectifier, the system enables synchronized and collaborative energy harvesting from dual-band RF sources. The fabricated chip demonstrates a peak end-to-end efficiency of 71 %, a sensitivity of −24.1 dBm, and the wide high-PCE input power ranges of 15.5 dB and 20.5 dB at 433 MHz and 900 MHz, respectively.