One Health: governance and regulatory framework for antimicrobial use in Malawi

To address these gaps, we recommend that Malawi: (1) establish a comprehensive AMR and AMU monitoring program, (2) update existing regulations to provide clear definitions and classification of veterinary antimicrobials, (3) develop and implement national veterinary treatment guidelines, (4) restrict non-therapeutic AMU, (5) enhance regulatory oversight of medicated feed, (6) strengthen One Health coordination mechanisms, (7) promote stakeholder collaboration, and (8) secure sustainable, nationally driven funding. Implemention of these measures will enhance antimicrobial stewardship, reduce AMU, mitigate the spread of AMR, and support the long-term sustainability of agricultural production in Malawi.