A convolution neural network model for knee osteoporosis classification using X-ray images

<p>Bone structure deterioration along with low levels of bone density are the hallmarks of knee osteoporosis (KOP). The conventional approach for detecting osteoporosis is accomplished using a knee radiograph, but it requires specialized knowledge. Nevertheless, X-rays can be difficult to interpret due to their large volume and minor fluctuations. In the past few decades, deep learning algorithms have minimized misinterpretation and modified medical diagnosis. In particular, algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used to speed up the procedure of diagnosis because of their innate capacity to extract significant features that often are challenging to spot by hand. A robust CNN model was proposed in this paper for KOP classification which uses a train and test approach to recognize healthy, osteopenia-predicted, and osteoporosis knee cases using 1947 X-ray images. The proposed model was designed using Jupyter Notebook and is in Python. To verify the efficiency of the model, some factors were calculated such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. In comparison with other similar systems, the results obtained showed that the accuracy of the proposed system reached 90.25%.</p>