Exploring academic resilience among vocational students; development of measurement tools

Vocational students have a greater capacity to overcome academic adversity, and the role of academic resilience is essential to positive academic outcomes and future careers. Exploring the academic resilience of vocational school students requires valid and reliable measurement tools. This study aims to develop a measurement tool for academic resilience in Indonesian vocational school contexts and its evidence validation. This study involved 206 students from various vocational fields in several public vocational schools in Kupang City, Indonesia, with a multistage sampling technique. Twenty-item academic resilience measurement tools were utilized. Validate of the construct was assessed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Alpha Cronbach for reliability. The results demonstrated by both the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett’s test confirm adequate data. EFA highlights the single-factor model. A total of twelve items were removed, and eight items were qualified, with the highest loading factor score of 0.816 and the lowest score of 0.547. The reliability confirms the high category (0.96). The whole procedure resulted in a measurement tool of eight items to assess academic resilience and contributed to evaluating the efficacy and treatment in Indonesian vocational schools.