The Impact of Globalization on Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of OECD Countries Using the KOF Index (1990-2021)

This study econometrically examines the effects of globalization on unemployment using data from OECD countries for the period 1990–2021. Globalization is a multidimensional process that profoundly influences the employment structure of countries through its economic, social, and political dimensions. In this study, the KOF Globalization Index is used to measure globalization, and the effects of overall, economic, and trade globalization levels on unemployment rates are analyzed. The empirical analysis, based on panel data and control variables for the relevant period, reveals that globalization can have both positive and negative effects on unemployment. The findings confirm that the impact of globalization on employment varies depending on a country's structural characteristics, level of development, and capacity for integration