¿Cuál es el Stock de Fósforo óptimo en términos económicos en el suelo y qué factores lo afectan?

Phosphorus fertilization is essential for agriculture in Argentina, a sector that accounts for more than 70% of the country's exports. However, soil, as a non-renewable resource, faces a growing phosphorus (P) deficit, which compromises agricultural productivity. This study aims to determine the optimal phosphorus stock in soil from an economic perspective, considering key factors influencing farmers' fertilization decisions. Through a dynamic optimization model, key variables such as the discount rate, fertilizer prices, variable costs, and the likelihood of lease renewal are identified as determinants of the steady-state phosphorus stock. Additionally, the analysis of different crop rotations reveals that maize-soybean rotations provide a better phosphorus balance compared to monocultures. The proposed model not only optimizes fertilization strategies but also serves as a valuable tool for designing policies that promote soil conservation and maximize profitability.