Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital condition with variable clinical presentation. It is the consequence of fetal components becoming tangled by amniotic strands, leading to constriction rings. The clinical presentation of ABS varies widely from constriction rings and limb defects to anomalies of the nervous system or spine and craniofacial defects making the diagnosis of ABS challenging, especially prenatally. The treatment of ABS is guided by the time of presentation. An 8-month-old infant, born at full term with an uncomplicated neonatal course, presented to our clinic with multiple constriction rings on her upper and lower extremities. She underwent staged release of constriction bands using W-plasty and Z-plasty with satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. Early identification of ABS is crucial because it can lead to devastating complications, including loss of limb function and disability. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but often, cases require a multidisciplinary approach.