[Sirtuins: molecular-cellular mechanisms of chondrocyte aging.]

More and more studies are focused on the functions of sirtuin proteins in the pathogenesis of joint diseases. Numerous experimental data illustrate the biological functions of sirtuins in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in terms of inflammation and cellular aging. The literature also mentions the role of sirtuins in the regulation of circadian rhythms, which have recently been recognized as one of the key aspects in the development of joint pathologies. Some representatives of the sirtuin protein family can participate in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Over the past three decades, evidence has been obtained that sirtuins are not only important energy sensors, but also have protective properties against metabolic stress and premature aging of cells. Sirtuins regulate metabolism, inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes, and prevent aging of cartilage tissue by exhibiting their deacetylating function. This review shows the role and participation of sirtuins in various molecular signaling events that are associated with the suppression of the functional activity of chondrocytes with increasing age. Modern studies demonstrate the positive effect of sirtuins on the functional activity of chondrocytes and cartilage anabolism. The development of possible ways to regulate sirtuin activity is of considerable interest, which can lead to progress in the treatment of joint pathology.