Immunopathological syndromes associated with adaptive immunity

This article continues our series of works devoted to the diagnosis of immunopathological syndromes in various diseases. The analysis of these syndromes provides deeper insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying disease development, which is critically important for timely diagnosis and effective therapy. The present study examines immunopathological syndromes associated with adaptive immunity. Systemic immunopathological reactions of the cellular and humoral components of the immune system are characterized, and syndromes typical of type I, II, and III cellular responses are identified. Manifestations associated with impaired immunosuppression are also described. In evaluating immunopathological syndromes of the humoral immune system, differentiation by immunoglobulin classes—A, M, E, and the four subclasses of immunoglobulin G—is proposed. In this discussion article, we aim to unify the definitions of immunopathological syndromes related to adaptive immunity. Our primary goal is to provide clinicians with conceptual foundations for understanding their mechanisms of formation, thereby opening new therapeutic opportunities. We also seek to standardize key approaches to the assessment, staging, and treatment of these syndromes.