Association of Homozygous A2 allele of IL-4Gene with Mortality of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients

This study aimed to assess the association between the homozygote A2 allele of the Interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene and mortality rates among Sudanese patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with SICH at the National Center for Neurological Sciences (NCNS), Khartoum, Sudan, over six months. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of NCNS. Verbal informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to sample and data collection. Initial computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to detect intracerebral hemorrhage upon admission. The demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from the patients in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) tubes, and DNA was extracted using QIAGEN® commercial DNA extraction kits. The IL-4 gene was genotyped by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the patients, 52% were male, and the majority (34%) were over 70 years old. The mortality rate was found to be 38%. The genotype frequencies of the IL-4 gene were 62% for A1A2, 30% for A2A2, and 8% for A1A1. Allele frequencies were 61% for A2 and 39% for A1. A significant association (p = 0.029) was found between the presence of A2 alleles and mortality. Although this study identified a significant association between A2 alleles and mortality in Sudanese patients with SICH, these findings cannot be generalized and require validation in a larger sample. Additionally, since SICH is often associated with hypertension, further research is needed, particularly on the IL-4 gene and hypertensive basal ganglion hemorrhage in Sudanese patients with SICH, which was associated with death.