Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with and without Diabetes on Hemodialysis in China: A Comparative Correlational Study

Background: Limited evidence exists on differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its determinants between diabetic and non-diabetic hemodialysis patients in China. This comparative correlational study aimed to compare HRQOL and identify associated determinants among patients with and without diabetes in Xinxiang, China. Methods: A total of 300 hemodialysis patients (150 diabetic, 150 non-diabetic) were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form (KDQOL-SF), the Treatment Adherence Scale for Maintenance Hemodialysis, and the Family Support Scale. Independent t-tests compared HRQOL scores between groups, and multiple linear regression identified HRQOL determinants. Results: Diabetic patients had significantly lower HRQOL scores (99.00 ± 19.29) compared to non-diabetic patients (108.42 ± 17.86; p < 0.001). Age and family support were significant determinants in both groups. In the diabetic group, sex was also a significant factor, with females reporting lower HRQOL than males. Conclusion: Diabetic patients on hemodialysis experience poorer HRQOL than non-diabetic patients. Key determinants of reduced HRQOL include older age, female sex (in diabetics), and low family support. Healthcare providers should regularly assess HRQOL, especially in older diabetic women with limited family support. Interventions should actively involve families and be culturally appropriate for the Chinese context. Keywords: Diabetes, Hemodialysis, HRQOL, Family support, China