Literature review on the educational effectiveness of the college system in universities from the perspective of the five-facet education

This study presents a comprehensive literature review on the educational effectiveness of the collegiate system in universities, viewed through the lens of the Five Educations framework. By systematically reviewing domestic and international research from 1990 to 2024, this paper analyzes scholarly findings and practical implementations of the collegiate system across five key dimensions: moral education, intellectual education, physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education. The findings reveal that the collegiate systemthrough mechanisms such as community engagement, mentorship programs, general education, cultural activities, and labor practicescan effectively support students holistic development. However, current research still exhibits several shortcomings, including limitations in research design, homogeneity in data analysis methods, imbalance in content coverage, and a short-term perspective in argumentation. These issues hinder a comprehensive understanding of the systems educational impact. Future research should broaden sample scopes to include more diverse types of institutions and disciplines; strengthen quantitative research while integrating qualitative analysis; address the underrepresentation of physical, aesthetic, and labor education; and explore the long-term impacts of the collegiate system on student development. By pursuing these directions, future studies can more comprehensively assess the educational effectiveness of the collegiate system and offer stronger theoretical and practical guidance for its development.