Enhancing the flexibility of polyvinyl alcohol/Uncaria gambir extract/boric acid biopolymer films via prolonged water immersion post-treatment
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films mixed with boric acid (BA) and Uncaria gambir (UG) offer excellent UV shielding and moisture resistance but suffer from brittleness. This study introduces a water immersion technique to improve flexibility. The untreated film showed high tensile strength (57.7 MPa) and modulus (3.7 GPa) but low elongation (∼43 %) and toughness (20.2 MJ/m 3 ). After 7 days of immersion, tensile strength and modulus decreased to 41.2 MPa and 1.94 GPa, while elongation and toughness increased to ∼150 % and 58.1 MJ/m 3 , respectively. This green approach effectively enhances the ductility of PVA-based biopolymer films.
Authors
- Dieter Rahmadiawan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-5407)
- Shih-Chen Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4163-2552)
- Dian Juliadmi
- Razan Muhammad Railis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-3279)
- Ilham Chayri Iby
- Hairul Abral (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-8202)
- Melbi Mahardika (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-3922)
- Fazhar Akbar
Institutions
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (ID)
- State University of Padang (ID)
- Universitas Batam (ID)
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat (ID)
- National Research and Innovation Agency (ID)
- Andalas University (ID)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Published
- 2025-08-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101272
- Primary Topic
- Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00