Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (SAS): Clinical and Polygraphic Characteristics of 75 Patients in the Cardiology Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and polygraphic characteristics of SAS in patients consulting cardiology at the Ignace Deen National Hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study over a 12-month period (1st January 2024 to 31st December 2025) on patients aged 18 and over with symptoms of sleep apnoea syndrome who had undergone a ventilatory polygraphy. Results: In this study, we included 75 patients ranging in age from 22 to 77 years, with an average age of 52 years. Males accounted for 48% of cases. Gynoid obesity was present in 38% of patients, while android obesity accounted for 64%. Arterial hypertension was the main cardiovascular risk factor (88%), followed by a sedentary lifestyle (52%), diabetes (34.67%) and smoking (6.67%). Daytime OSA symptoms were dominated by headache (73.33%), sleepiness (66.66%) and fatigue (52%). Nocturnal symptoms mainly included snoring (93.33%), nocturia (46.66%) and startle awakenings (37.33%). On the basis of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), 30.67% of patients had severe OSA, 22.67% moderate OSA and 38.67% mild OSA. A further 8% had no OSA. The mean AHI was 22.66. Of the 75 patients, 53.33% had an indication for treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), but only 3 patients (7.75%) were able to benefit from it. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a reality in Guinea. It is crucial to focus on detecting its symptoms in order to make an early diagnosis and rapidly guide treatment.