Strategi Penghantaran Topikal Berbasis Nanoteknologi pada Formulasi Kosmetika: Tinjauan Literatur

Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly advancing innovations in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, particularly in the development of topical delivery systems. Defined by its extremely small particle size—ranging from 1 to 1000 nanometers—nanotechnology offers unique advantages in enhancing the effectiveness of active ingredients. Its nanoscale size allows for deeper penetration into the skin layers, increasing the bioavailability and targeted delivery of cosmetic compounds. In the realm of cosmetics, nanotechnology plays a crucial role in improving formulation stability, optimizing the release profile of active ingredients, and enhancing their overall performance. Various nanocarrier systems have been developed to meet specific formulation objectives and adapt to different skin types. These include phospholipid-based carriers such as liposomes and niosomes, lipid-based carriers like solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), surfactant-based systems like microemulsions and nanoemulsions, and polymer-based carriers such as dendrimers and nanospheres. Each of these systems possesses distinct physical and chemical characteristics that influence their interaction with the skin, their ability to encapsulate active ingredients, and their effectiveness in delivering these ingredients to the desired site of action. For instance, liposomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, while SLNs offer improved protection for sensitive ingredients and controlled release profiles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology-based carrier systems in cosmetic science and highlights the potential of these technologies to create safer, more effective, and consumer-friendly cosmetic products. It also encourages continued innovation in cosmetic formulation to meet the growing demands and preferences of modern consumers.