Analyzing Bilateral Trade in Major Crops Between Pakistan and China: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities

The dynamics of bilateral crop trade between Pakistan and China are investigated for regions such as Rawalpindi and Islamabad in this research. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach was engaged, which incorporated quantitative data collection methods and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires with structured questions were distributed among 120 agricultural traders to collect quantitative data. Focus group interviews were conducted to gather qualitatively relevant information about barriers and opportunities in trade. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used in the analysis of the quantitative data, which shows that trade volume increased by 15% in the last five years, while wheat, rice, and cotton are the crops most traded. Qualitative findings highlighted key challenges such as logistical inefficiencies and tariff barriers and opportunities for the expansion of trade through improved infrastructure and policy reforms. The results highlight the growth potential of Pakistan-China agricultural trade and provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. This study contributes to the discourse on bilateral agricultural cooperation and offers recommendations for strengthening the economic partnership between the two countries. Practical application: Assists in formulating policies to enhance agricultural trade. Provides actionable insights for improving farm infrastructure. Identifies market opportunities for Pakistani crops in China.