Soil water flow modeling for irrigation control

This paper focuses on developing a mathematical model for intelligent irrigation control. The model is based on the Richards equation and extended with Gardner’s permeability model with the Feddes concept of root water uptake by plants. It integrates evapotranspiration, soil-water-plant interactions, water infiltration into the soil, and drainage. The model is formulated as a partial differential equation describing soil moisture dynamics and is transformed into a state-space representation for analysis and control design. Simulations illustrate the model’s behavior under varying conditions, demonstrating its potential for irrigation control.