Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Pharmacogenomics, Antidepressant Therapy, Personalized Medicine, CYP2D6, CYP2C19

Depression is the leading mental health issue, major depressive disorder (MDD) is diagnosed in more than 264 million people worlds over and there is a significant heterogeneity in the response of individuals to antidepressant treatment. The use of traditional approaches tends to be based on a trial-and-error approach, resulting in a long-term suffering process, high costs of healthcare avenues, and the risk of suicide. The study examines how a pharmacogenomic profile could be used in individualizing antidepressants among patients with MDD. Based on a cohort sample of 150 patients with MDD, genotypic differences in CYP2D6, CYP2C19, SLC6A4 and HTR2A were measured in order to establish a relationship between their drug metabolism and treatment reaction. The result of our analysis shows a considerable statistically significant association between genotype pattern and clinical outcomes, especially the SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. The paper has come to the conclusion that pharmacogenomic-guided therapy offers massive improvements in the effectiveness of treatment, the reduction of bad effects, and can transform the psychiatric treatment approach. These findings justify the introduction of pharmacogenomic screening practice into routine psychiatric care to maximize antidepressant treatment and enhance the quality of life of MDD patients.